Summary Of Cr�vecoeur - 874 Words

In the 1780’s a French aristocrat by the name of J. Hector St. John de Crà ¨vecoeur wrote a collection of essays defining his stance on colonial American society and Americans themselves. In this excerpt Crà ¨vecoeur gives his definition of the American man and the â€Å"poor European emigrant† (39). He explains how a man thrives in the new country and how the rise up from the lowest class. As a reader reads the essay, they must note the writer himself, his tone, his sentence structure, and how his words connect to the reader. It can be noted the Crà ¨vecoeur is an aristocrat which mean that he is of higher rank. Looking at his wording at the beginning of the text, it can be seen that he places himself higher than the new Americans. Crà ¨vecoeur†¦show more content†¦Instead of needy peasants, he switches his label to people filled with potential. Determination and grit can be seen in the â€Å"poor European emigrant† as he comes into a new country wi th almost nothing except for â€Å"The knowledge of the language, the love of a few kindred as poor as himself† (39, 40-42). It is a sharp contrast to Crà ¨vecoeur’s previous paragraphs as he begins to put the men in a new light. The American is â€Å"either an European or the descendant of an European, hence the strange mixture of blood, which you will find in no other country† (46-49). Perhaps this is an allusion to the men’s roots. The European countries at that time were composed of the world’s greatest empires. If the men came from such countries, they can make a country just like them or better. Americans will be â€Å"melted into a new race whose labors and posterity will one day cause great changes in the world. Americans are the western pilgrims who are carrying along with them that great mass of arts, sciences, vigor, and industry† (59-63). The use of the word â€Å"pilgrim† describes the men as journeyers. The men who have â€Å"arts, sciences, vigor, and industry† are seen as educated and can be describes as entrepreneurs, much different than the people of the lower class. Crà ¨vecoeur’s sentence structure and relevant use of examples help readers better understand his point of view. His vivid diction allows the reader to see things how Crà ¨vecoeur

The Us Colony Guam - 658 Words

In a country with more than three hundred million people, allowing each person to have a voice would be impossible without the employment of the voting system. The human individual yearns for love, security, peace, and accomplishment, and none of those things would be possible without freedom, and our founding fathers have granted us the key to unlocking our freedom with the power to vote. With enough determination and cooperation, the ballot has the power to change politicians’ views, laws, and the course of history. With the right to vote, each man and woman is entitled to his or her own opinion. While there are two political parties that encompass the majority of Americans, we are not subject to having only two choices. There are the†¦show more content†¦Citizens of Guam only have a voice in the local government. As an unincorporated territory, Guam has no power in choosing the next president or creating laws in the legislature. Our congresswoman, Madeline Bordallo , who represents Guam in congress, is at the mercy of congressmen who can vote to get Guam’s issues under consideration. While Guam is not forced to pay extra taxes, Guam does have to pay for the thousands of residents from freely associated states that have access to government utilities and programs. In 2013, the Government of Guam spent a reported one hundred and twenty eight million on these residents, but will only be receiving seventeen million for reimbursements. The burden to pay for these residents was put upon Guam by the federal government, but is a burden that our government cannot afford to pay. Local authorities are required by law, set by the federal government, to give these compact-impact residents all the privileges of American citizens and pay for all the expenses without compensation. The entire island continues to suffer from debt caused by the strain from compact-impact residents. The injustice lies with the fact that our local government cannot help our island because our votes and voices don’t count. The solution to the injustice Guam currently faces rests with the power to vote. However, I am afraid that Guam’s one hundred and sixty two thousand votes willShow MoreRelatedThe War Of The American War Essay1861 Words   |  8 Pageswar. Since the U.S. was drastically growing in the land aspect, America now had access to grow with, and learn from Asia. Also, The Treaty of Paris was created because of this war, which gave Puerto Rico, The Philippines, Guam, and Cuba their Independence. Overall, this war costed us $250 million dollars, but if we take a look at the Vietnam War, we spent over $173 billion dollars. Unfortunately, deaths come with every war, and in The Spanish American War 3,000 lives were lost. Ninety percent of thoseRead MoreSpanish American War : The Spanish War720 Words   |  3 PagesPhilippines on May 1, 1898, and destroyed the anchored Spanish fleet in the morning engagement that cost only seven Ame rican seamen wounded (history.com). Manila itself was occupied by U.S. troops by August. Spain renounced all claim to Cuba, gave up Guam and Puerto Rico to the United States, and transferred sovereignty over the Philippines to the United States for $20,000,000 (history.com). The Spanish-American War was an important turning point in the history of both antagonists. Spain’s defeat turnedRead MoreCause Of The Spanish American War1406 Words   |  6 Pageswar came to an end after the signing of the Treaty of Paris on 10th of December 1898.1 The end of the war saw the Spaniards loss complete control over majority of their remaining empires aboard including Cuba, Philippines Islands, Puerto Rico, and Guam among other islands in South America and the Caribbean region. Majority of experts and historians believe are convinced that the Spanish-American War is the first media war in the world. This is due to the fact that the period prior to the war, majorityRead MoreCause Of The Spanish American War1562 Words   |  7 Pagesthe signing of the Treaty of Paris on the 10th of December in 1898.1 The end of the war saw that the Spaniards had loss complete control over majority of their remaining empires that were aboard including Cuba, Philippines Islands, Puerto Rico, and Guam which was amongst the other islands in South America as well as the Caribbean regions. Majority of experts and historians believed and is convinced that the Spanish-American War was the first media war in the world. This is because the period priorRead MoreAmerican Imperialism : America s Foreign Policy1045 Words   |  5 Pagesin the Philippines. Troops landed in Cuba on June 22 and ended in July 17 when Spain surrendered. The United States now controlled Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, the Philippines, and then also annexed Hawaii. Almost over night America became an empire and adopted imperialism to expand it’s foreign business to increase the economy. Albert Beveridge was US Senator of Indiana and a supporter of American Imperialism and stated in his campaign speech, â€Å" Cuba is as large as Pennsylvania, and is the richest spotRead MoreHow Did The U.s. Expand Westward And What Was Its Impact On Native Americans?1114 Words   |  5 Pageswith other countries. Some people felt that America should remain isolationist, avoiding involvement in the affairs of others countries. Others held an ethnocentric attitude, believing that American culture was the best. Many people believed that the US should imperialize and take over weaker nations. Many European nations imperialized in order to create empires and gain power. Nations wanted to imperialize in order to spread their power and culture. Imperialism would allow for nations to spread theirRead MoreColonization Or Imperialism Is Done By Treaties Or Agreements?1652 Words   |  7 Pagessaw took advantage of the fight for independence in Spanish colonies. America saw the opportunity to grow politically, economically, and culturally. At the time the Philippines had already begun fighting for independence from Spain, so in 1898 U.S.A., helped them gain freedom from Spain. The Philippines had understood that US. Policy promised independence for them for shortly after the Philippines declared independence in June of 1898 US. Troops took over Manila in August and then in December, SpainRead MoreTerritorial Claims of Philippines3547 Words   |  15 Pagesto mean lease or arrendamiento In 1906 and in 1920, the United States formally reminded Great Britain that North Borneo did not belong to the Crown and was still part of the Sultanate of Sulu. However, the British did turn Sabah into a Crown Colony. The Philippine Constitution of 1941 states that the national territory of the Philippines included, among other things, all other areas which belong to the Philippines on the basis of historical rights or legal claims. Malaysia was federated inRead MoreEssay On How To Become A World Power900 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom entering and exiting, and severely impacting the economy in the process. Though the US was hesitant to get involved, the US Government had been angered by the British â€Å"impressing† or drafting US merchant sailors into the Royal Navy. After skirmishes with Native American tribes, President James Madison declared war on Great Britain in early June of 1812, despite the United States being unprepared for war. The US Navy was badly outnumbered with only 16 ships, but still claimed victories in most allRead MoreThe Curious Case Of Statehood1195 Words   |  5 PagesCaribbean territories. Historically, most US territories have gone on to become states. However, mo st of those were located in North America and were contiguous to the other states. As Puerto Rico was acquired first, a brief history would be given before the U.S Virgin Islands. Puerto Rico was originally a colony of Spain from 1493 to 1898. In 1898 after the completion of the Spanish American War, the treaty of Paris was sign. With terms favorable to the US, the treaty of Paris allowed the temporary

Physical Activity and Childhood Obesity Free Essays

As people age the knowledge and experiences they gain in life may help shape their daily decisions. Adults are often more conscientious of the benefits physical activity has on their bodies and their health. With the growing popularity of video games, the distraction of television and the fast paced lifestyles many people are now living, children are being greatly affected. We will write a custom essay sample on Physical Activity and Childhood Obesity or any similar topic only for you Order Now The result of children being more sedentary in current times has led to a greater prevalence of child obesity in society. In order to combat this issue it is imperative that children partake in physical activity. Children learn by example and the involvement the schools, communities and parents have with the child helps shape their outcomes in life. There are several factors that may contribute to childhood obesity. In an article on Children’s Physical Activity and Obesity it states that; â€Å"[†¦] the effects of parenting, the home environment, and developmental and psychological factors on diet, obesity, and physical activity have received significant attention† (Luisa Franzini, PhD, 2oo9). From this attention, new research and developments are achieved. The number of children who experience overweight is growing at an alarming rate in recent times. According to an article on overweight and obesity, 1 out of 3 children are considered overweight or obese (Kids Health, 2009). Research has shown that overweight and obesity leads to health issues, some of which can be fatal. Moreover, the CDC states; â€Å"Obese youth are more likely to have risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as high cholesterol or high blood pressure. In a population-based sample of 5- to 17-year-olds, 70% of obese youth had at least one risk factor for cardiovascular disease† (Healthy Youth, 2010). Further, experiencing overweight in childhood presents a greater possibility of experiencing overweight in adulthood. According to the CDC, obese youth are more likely to become overweight adults, and therefore more at risk for associated adult health problems, including heart disease, type 2 diabetes, stroke, several types of cancer, and osteoarthritis (Healthy Youth, 2010). A positive outlook on afore mentioned statistics is that these health issues can be prevented by adapting a proper diet and engaging in physical activity. There are a number of ways to prevent childhood obesity. According to an article on Disease Prevention Programs Targeting Obesity in Children, a majority of programs developed and tested to treat childhood obesity have included dietary modification, increased physical activity, and/or reduced sedentary behavior (Adrienne R. Hughes, 2008). With the growing popularity of video games and number of television channels, more children are engaging in sedentary behavior. However, reducing sedentary activities among children can help prevent obesity. In fact, Hughes states; â€Å" Encouraging obese children to increase their physical activity will help to reduce adiposity and improve cardiovascular, metabolic, and psychosocial health (Adrienne R. Hughes, 2008). The amount of time spent being physically active is also important in preventing child obesity. In fact, in an article on Tackling Overweight and Obesity in Children it states; â€Å"Children should take part in at least one hour of moderately intense activity per day; this should make breathing heavier than usual, but talking should still be possible† (Crocker, 2007). It is important to gradually increase physical activity in order to avoid injury or over exertion. Further, as a school, a community and as parents it is important to set good examples for children. Through proper physical activity and diet the prevalence of child obesity can be diminished. How to cite Physical Activity and Childhood Obesity, Papers

Business Strategy Case Study of Rocket Internet †Free Sample

Question: Discuss about the Case Study for Business Strategy of Rocket Internet. Answer: Introduction The report depicts the importance of Rocket Internet in recent business strategies of Rocket Internet Company (Rocket Internet 2016). The company is headquartered in Berlin and it provides valid platforms to builds online startup businesses. The company is founded in the year of 2007, and the founders of the company are Marc, Oliver and Alexander Samwer. The number of employees currently working for the company is around 30,000. It gives office space to new companies. The resources used by the company and the other competences outlined in the given case study will be discussed in this report additionally, the threshold of the company and in a parallel manner the distinct and dynamic capabilities of the company are also going to be discussed in this report brief. The report will also provide a VRIO analysis for Rocket internet. The company is maintaining their traditional business strategic model but currently the organization is trying to improve their business framework. Resources and competences of Rocket Internet outlined in the case From the detail analysis of the case study it has been defined that, though Rocket internet has enough financial skills for their venture capital firm but still they are trying to obtain promising technical platform in order to gain development. Resources of Rocket Internet: There are several expert teams that play a supportive role for the company (Wilson and Boldeman 2012). The expert team is not only in the sector of marketing management but also exists in customer management team, business intelligence and operation team. Rocket internet does not recruit only regular staffs but also for global venture development expert team is also recruited (Matthews and Brueggemann 2015). The employees generally recruited by the company have analytical skills along with entrepreneurship management ideas. Based on the structure of Silicon Valley entrepreneurial support and head of the Human Resource department are selected. The co founder and the managing director of the company are collaboratively working for the business development. Due to financial development they generally recruits extraordinary and MBA level knowledgeable people for their company. Not only this, but also the company uses best of the business models. The founders of the company were inspired from the entrepreneurial culture and especially from eBay (Wilson and Boldeman 2012). However from the critics point of view it has been defined that the company is a complete copycat that does not have any innovative ideas rather it only steals ideas from other business organizations. Competences of Rocket Internet: Though, Rocket internet is referred to as one of the successful companies, but the concept of the business is just a revolution of previously planned business models used by other organizations. The business strategy of the company is framed at the head office of the company (Mitchell 2013). Apart from this, they launched an internal novel business model. Additionally, the distributive business model framed by the company support multiplying business models and also it has been illustrated rapidly for online business models. It provides a combination of talented employee and high standard approaches in terms of systemized platform. Being worlds largest internet platform outside United States and China it has the capability to identify the basic need o the consumers. On the other hand, the company also copies a proven model of business for the financial scale up (Schildhauer 2016). Four basic factors that come under consideration for Rocket internet are- rocket network of the companies, technology maintains by the company and the process with infrastructure of the company. There are many organizations that are determined to be the tough competitors of Rocket Internet. As, the vision of Rocket internet is to be the biggest builder outside Chin and United States thus, they everyday they are proofing to be the market leaders. In Berlin project venture and HUT group of UK are known to be the tough competitors to Rocket internet (Keeton et al. 2012). The global reach of the company covers the largest internet and mobile audiences. Threshold, distinctive and dynamic capabilities of Rocket Internet Threshold capability is referred to as the resource capability and survival power of Rocket internet. The threshold competency is the state of art technology and the skills that has been developed by the employees of Rocket Internet (Eckard et al. 2015). From the distinctive resource perspective it has been defined that, the values and norms of Rocket internet is completely based on its dominant brand reputation. Threshold capabilities: Threshold resources: The Company is headquartered in Berlin with more than 700 employees and the network operates by the company for above 25 international Rocket offices (Keeton et al. 2012). The number of employees in the Rocket internet portfolio companies is above 15,000. Apart from this it also provides a strong financial backup to the startup companies. For the operating department of the company more than 250 specialists are recruited. Threshold capabilities: The skills for website development adopted by Rocket Internet Company is very high as the product serves by them are based on high quality. Additionally, specialization in IT software, programming and web design skills helps the organization to develop the quality of the products (Schildhauer 2016). Current emerging technologies and IT diagnostic tools utilization support Rocket Internet to reach the ultimate goal preset for the company. However, proper execution of other companys ideas in appropriate market with the emerging technical help is another capability of the company. Distinctive capabilities: The distinctive resource competencies states that the founder of the company is Sarnwer brothers. The brand name and the reputation of the company are very powerful. The strategies and decision making capability on the basis of the centralized models developed by Rocket internet helps it to improve the entrepreneurial working culture (Yoden 2014). The infrastructure and network distribution method maintains by the company helps them to create ventures on international scale (Rocket Internet 2016). The resource of the company is Global venture development team. The decisions and overall business strategies are largely shaped and the speed of new strategic business model launching is very high. The entrepreneurial culture adopted by the company leads the employees to work for a long time under huge pressure. In addition to this, recruitment benchmark has also setup for the company due to the presence of these distinctive competencies (Mitchell 2013). Dynamic capabilities: Inspirational leadership and determination of the employees helps the organization to reach the top (Schildhauer 2016). Rocket Internet is looking for strong leadership along with internal motivation and influence, analytical and conceptual skills. VRIO analysis for Rocket Internet VRIO analysis is one of the most effective analytical tools, used to determine the competitors of the company considering various evaluation dimensions. VRIO analysis considers the resource or capabilities and core competencies. Some of the resources meet all the four basic requirements to gain sustainability in the competitive business marketplace. Valuable: The strategic capabilities adopted by the company are able to generate the needs of the consumers in terms of product quality and the services served by the organization. Rocket internet avails rare and unique resources or capabilities (Lee 2015). The uniqueness of the organization helps it perform in a much better way to compete other rivalries. For Rocket Internet all the resources such as ability to raise capita amount, employee compensations, human resource management team and the core competencies include relationship with other companies, presence of innovation, experiences of the consumers and the corporate leadership and vision (Mitchell 2013). All these resources are valuable for Rocket Internet. Rare: From resource analysis it has been determined that some of the resources such as expert team and the financial risk management team are rare resources. These resources provide temporary competitive advantages. Imitate: As the company do not possesses it own business model for evaluation therefore, imitation on the business models of other companies charge cost to Rocket Internet. The capabilities and competitiveness of the company are so much vast that imitation or simulations of the capabilities are not possible (Matthews and Brueggemann 2015). Though, Rocket Internet cannot identify the particular resources still, it is able to provide comparable products to the competitive market. Org support: The main tool used by Rocket internet group is cash that is available for sale financial assess. Credit risk is another risk comes under consideration while comprises with the direct risks. Organizational support in terms of investment helps Rocket Internet to create more competitive advantages throughout the world. The organizational gained support from Groupon, eBay, Linkedin, Zynga and Facebook. Figure 1: VRIO analysis of Rocket Internet (Source: Mitchell 2013, pp-340) Conclusion From the overall discussion it can be concluded that, Rocket Internet is one of the largest ecommerce investor of Germen. It also shares 43 percent focus on the other organizations. The company is continuing to its innovations and evaluations for private funding and other alternatives. The report has discussed the distinctive resources and general competencies adopted by rocket internet. In addition to this, it also illustrated the distinctive, dynamic and threshold capabilities of the company. Finally, from the VRIO analysis of Rocket Internet is has come to focus that all the resources used by the company are valuable. The HR management team and risk management team is rare it means does not used by any other organizations. the analysis states that, the competitive advantages are not valuable. References Eckard, K., Eaton, H., de Giacomo Araujo, M. and Smith, S., 2015. Rocket Internet: Clone Factory or Long-Term Stakeholder Keeton, K.E., Schmidt, L.L., Slack, K.J. and Malka, A.A., 2012. The rocket science of teams.Industrial and Organizational Psychology,5(1), pp.32-35. Lee, C.M., 2015. THE EFFECTIVE SECURITY MEASURES AGAINTS INTERNET FRAUD. Matthews, C.H. and Brueggemann, R., 2015.Innovation and entrepreneurship: A competency framework. Routledge. Mitchell, S.T., 2013. Space, Sovereignty, Inequality: Interpreting the Explosion of Brazil's VLS Rocket.The Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology,18(3), pp.395-412. Muhammad, L.J., Ali, A.G. and Iliya, I.S., 2015. Security Challenges for Building Knowledge-Based Economy in Nigeria.International Journal of Security and its applications,9(1), pp.119-124. Rocket Internet, (2016).Rocket Internet. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_Internet [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016]. Schildhauer, T., 2016.OPEN INNOVATION FROM AN ORGANISATIONAL PERSPECTIVE(Doctoral dissertation, University of Arts, Berlin). Scott, M., 2013. Technology Start-Ups Take Root in Berlin.Technology,9, p.06. Wilson, K.L. and Boldeman, S.U., 2012. Exploring ICT integration as a tool to engage young people at a Flexible Learning Centre.Journal of Science Education and Technology,21(6), pp.661-668. Yoden, M., 2014.Global expansion strategies for software firms(Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology).

The Scandal of Xenophobia in the World free essay sample

Knowing this only directs you to the very exact definition and understanding that everybody wants to believe and understand. Broadly defined Xenophobia is fear and hatred of strangers or foreigners or of anything that is strange or foreign. Somehow it shows that xenophobia isn’t only about people who are foreigners but anything that is strange to natives’ eyes mostly that of characterising the foreigners even the institutions of foreigners which goes on to whatever that characterizing them which includes even the attire, food, and accent, practices and so forth. Further, Xenophobia is an excessive and irrational fear of anything foreign. This fear is most often of foreign people, places or objects. People who are xenophobic may display fear or even anger toward others who are foreign. While xenophobia is often used interchangeably with terms such as prejudice and racism, these terms have different meanings. Xenophobia can manifest itself in many ways involving the relations and perceptions of an ingroup towards an outgroup, including a fear of losing identity, suspicion of its activities, aggression, and desire to eliminate its presence to secure a presumed purity. Xenophobia can also be exhibited in the form of an uncritical exaltation of another culture in which a culture is ascribed an unreal, stereotyped and exotic quality. The justification of me selecting this topic is to clarify further the causes that leads to this dilemma, and how honest are true or false they are. Another matter is that as a South African citizen I have saw more of xenophobic violence so my research is driven by the true facts and events. So as you might as well know South Africa isn’t the only country that had once involved in a xenophobic violence my justifications are to show further what really upsets native citizens of the country that leads them to this brutal treatment of our fellow foreigner even some of them never go to xenophobic violence but you can see exactly that they wish to do so like United States of America. Having explained what xenophobia really is it has somehow a differing meaning with racism. If it was as same as racism then the situation in South Africa would be of a differing end not xenophobic because it was a black on black violence which proved, not only proved but seen that it was xenophobic. The following are the major factors why countries like Spain, Rome and South Africa engage to xenophobic violence. The biggest issue of xenophobic violence is that of jobs. The hate that natives have arises mainly form the issue of jobs. The natives claim that the increased overpopulation to one country being filled mostly by foreigners makes them to lose their jobs. To explain how this is true, those who claim this fact have been talking about the foreigners less payment demand. Say for example in South Africa where we have seen most of the xenophobic violence, when the foreigners come to South Africa, most of them come having no professional skills, some acquire them as soon as they get here and others just don’t bother acquiring any skill. Now those who don’t have professional skills are the ones who become more problematic to the unskilled labour of South Africa. To explain how this is true, these unskilled labour works in domestic houses of those who are somehow rich, say for example in white people’s houses or Indians and they (foreigners) charges the very low payment to their employers just to be able to afford as little as they can to keep breathing. As this case states, employers are not willing to pay anything much to their employees, now for as cheap as foreigners come they encourage employers to hire them the most and less of South Africans and that results to a great loss of jobs to the natives citizens of the country. And to the group that acquire professional skills here in South Africa as you might well know that South Africa has a lot of foreigners in the Universities they then become fully qualified for professional jobs and they get hired in masses. As the case states, for the fact that South Africa has so many professionals especially even more of foreign professionals who are somehow want as well to work here in South Africa truly decreases the number of jobs for everyone. The case of the foreigners who come to South Africa well trained are themselves another big loss of jobs to South Africans or say to any other country not to be specific as we are as well acknowledged South Africa isn’t the only country that had once had xenophobic violence, other countries which are xenophobic are Rome, Germany, Spain, Austria, and Turkey to name a few. These were the views and claims of the angry citizens of South Africa and most common cases of the countries that are or had been xenophobic. They are not my views or claims. However these claims were somehow seen as not so convincing to other writers such as J. B. Bert who once said â€Å"I keep saying this that the immigrants contribute far more than they take from our economy, but there is a widespread belief that they represent a burden always cited are the emergency rooms that are overburdened with illegals, how they collect welfare, unemployment, and get free schooling at taxpayer expense. † Mostly foreigners establish their small businesses to earn a life, so there is no way they could be taking natives jobs and there is no doubt that foreigners are well equipped and hard working. The other factor of xenophobia is that of Economy which usually goes hand in hand with Overpopulation. In the pursuit to increase the economic stability we need a limited active group of population so as to ensure that not everything falls to the masses of people who don’t do so much in the economic development. It is true that, the greater the population the greater the effectiveness, but when the economy has to be responsible for a great number of people can’t be very successful. It will keep on falling for as long as the foreigners keep coming in with no intension of stopping. The other matter is that when foreigners cross the borders of America for example they don’t spend most of their income inside American borders but take it out of the borders of the country to support their families in South Africa for example. So for as far as some of Americans net worth goes out to South Africa, America therefore suffers because South Africans take their wealth. However the Americans had proved that however the net worth that goes out of the country taken by foreigners is as little as $45 billion but $460 Billion stays in, in a year’s time. However, not everyone believed that in America as one of the American citizen B. Tony (politicsnbc. com) has said, Illegal immigrants are the most arrogant and despicable individuals in the world. They portray nothing but contempt for the United States and the laws of United States. They mock American values, gloat at their stupidity for allowing them to enter United States. They take billions of dollars out of United States, much of it unclaimed as income, without paying the proper taxes on that income. Many of them also steal thousands of motor vehicles from American citizens to take back to their home countries when they go home for vacations or Christmas. Having said this however, these are the views of xenophobic citizens of United States. The other most famous factor is that of increased crime due to immigrants. You might as well know that not all foreigners are in any country legally except theirs. They cross the borders illegally which we could further characterise them as the most dangerous people we have ever had. The truth that leads to that claim is that there could be no genuine innocent man who could dodge the military in the borders, this shows that this is the little a foreigner can do and he is capable of doing something more harmful to the society. Besides everything, crossing the border illegally shows a great undermining of the laws of any country that is being vandalized. The leaks of dangerous drugs that are smuggled all over the world are mostly subjected to illegal and some legal immigrants. Drugs, fake or imitated clothing are always most of the times busted at the airports carried brought by immigrants. Surely they don’t only come for work as everybody assumes but it’s the least they could be doing. Not only they do crimes themselves but they also influence the native citizens of the country to do more of their illegal works like producing fake identity documents, they bribe home affairs officials with money to get them the documents. Now the country’s law is broken up to its limits and the world has turned out to be very chaotic due to some of the immigrants. Some people regard the masses of illegal immigrants as an indicator of the weak security system of the country. It seems therefore that there is a lot that upsets the native citizens than just what people think. Having clarified above all the factors that are somehow lead to xenophobic violence, I’m pegging the way to show the exact threats to a country that is xenophobic or discriminating the humanitarian rights by being so brutal to foreigners. Now the most devastating threat is the image of the country that is xenophobic, as you might as well know that South Africa is regarded as one of the dangerous countries on earth due to xenophobia. Most of the deals are denied to South Africa because the image of South Africa has been degraded due to its own xenophobic practices. Further South Africans have been portrayed as the violators of the humanitarian rights as they treated people brutally by beating and even burning them. This is the major hit to South Africa and it will take years for it to clear its name in the world record. Most of the famous superstars rather miss their biggest events than to come and risk their lives in South Africa. However, South Africa now still have lots of immigrants but less xenophobic practices at a point in time, maybe that’s one of its ways in dealing with is past bad xenophobic violence. The other threat of xenophobia is that a country practices xenophobic violence, it may be regarded as it seeks to exist in isolation and never want the help of the other countries. The world order then might not intervene into any of the problems that are faced by a xenophobic country because they are scared and afraid that their representatives may be brutally murdered or treated as that is what a xenophobic country does as usual. The use of xenophobic violence by South Africa has then indicated a severe undermine of the Humanitarian Rights, therefore there shouldn’t be any help offered to or intervention offered to South Africa as it is its best resolution to literally go to violence and conflict to resolve its problems. The world ends-up fearing countries like South Africa and it lets it do whatever it wants to do with its own citizens or it lets is exist in isolation as it pleases. The other threat is that of the economy. Rich countries are not willing to invest in a violent motivated country because as obvious it fears the lives of its representatives who are to be working with a country. Not all that could make rich countries not to invest in this xenophobic country but as you might as well know that businessmen are reluctant to invest where there are many possibilities of producing a loss. The same applies for a xenophobic country, as violent as it is; it shows in carelessness about the growth of the country’s economy and otherwise capitalizing in violent practices. Now when the rich countries of the world are reluctant to invest in a certain countries which are xenophobic, that means the end of that country. Not only that the rich countries won’t invest into them but mostly won’t take the xenophobic countries deals as well because they are not sure what do they think of them and they want to do business with them. The other factor is that of returning a favour. What the other countries of the world would do is to return a favour to xenophobic countries. For as much as xenophobic countries don’t want foreigners to cross their borders, the other countries might as well ban or forbid xenophobic countries from crossing their border as well. This is one of another big hit for xenophobic countries especially when they have to go to other countries for education and research. This would mean whatever xenophobic country knows now is the end of it, nothing else and that is because of the strict barred borders of the other countries towards those countries. A situation like this is a really serious matter for xenophobic country and they should regard it as a major threat that they should first think about before going on with their hatred driven violence towards innocent, desperate, hardworking and delegated foreigners. On how to bring to an end the threats that are resulted by xenophobia will first start with ending the xenophobia first. Now for the fact that you will never be sure that xenophobia has come to an end it leaves a scar of a lifetime to a xenophobic country and other countries of the world never forgets about the prior practices of that country and that’s exactly what constitutes the above mentioned threats. To save a country and the world against these threats the responsible country will have to present itself in front of every crisis it has caused and its abuse of humanitarianism. First things first, it must start by uniting with the countries it has wronged which seem to be the rest of it so the easy way is to unite with organization that are in favour of Humanitarian. The country must surrender to the public and admit its brutal treatment of the foreigners and show how sorry it is and give its way forward towards correcting its bad practices of the past. There are more other unity forms the country can take for as long as it could do it. Like for example, the unity that was experienced in the world cup had somehow changed peoples mind about South Africa after all. It must show its willingness towards ask for forgiveness to those who were wronged and suggest any possible way to make up for it. By so doing it clears its name into the entire international system. Also it gains back its economic interactions with the countries that have terminated its interactions with them. Also it calls upon for the need of intervention by other organisation in the times of crisis, the help it could possibly get from UN or AU as it will be subjected to be the member of these organization once it has realised its bad prior practices, they won’t be forced to join otherwise. South Africa needs a strong moral leadership to counter fear, rumors and intimidation against foreign nationals. To counter the voices that call todays migration a challenge to the United Nations Declaration, this established the territorial sovereignty of the nation-state. Judging by the length of the fence along our border and the unacceptably high levels of intolerance in our communities on the one hand, and the unity in our country demonstrated during the World Cup on the other, nation-states do not appear to be going away. Their people, increasingly, do. The ‘Unite as One campaign which is spearheaded by civil society leaders and aimed at collecting a million signed pledges against xenophobia, intolerance, intimidation and violence could not have come at a more appropriate time. Launched to coincide with Mandela Day, the campaign had run until African Human Rights Day on 17 October. It calls on everyone to intensify their efforts to build a country in which people, in spite of their language or country of origin, respect each other and live together peacefully. Conclusion Xenophobia as bad as it is and its threats it poses towards the country’s image as a whole must come to an end. Possible measures to stop the world must take place as I have mentioned above. The state is a state because of the other states; no state should exist in isolation. The increased interdependency must be appreciated.

9 Things You Didn’t Know About Für Elise

9 Things You Didn’t Know About Fà ¼r Elise SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips From its first repeating notes, Fà ¼r Elise is instantly recognizable. It may even be the most famous melody ever written! But did you know that when Beethoven first drafted this short piano piece, he stuffed it in a drawer, never to be seen in his lifetime? Curious how it went from forgotten trifle to universally known? Wondering what exactly makes it such an unforgettable earworm? Need some tips on learning to play this piece? Then keep reading for everything you've ever wanted to know about one of Beethoven's best-known masterpieces. Fà ¼r Elise: The Basics Ludwig van Beethoven wrote Fà ¼r Elise 1810 as a small piece for the piano, and then put it aside with his many other draft works. We only have it because a musicologist found it and published it in 1867! And it's a good thing for us that Fà ¼r Elise was finally found! Its first five notes (alternating E and D-sharp) have become as famous as the booming da-da-da-dum first notes of Beethoven’s 5th Symphony. Why has this piece been so popular ever since its publication? Musically, Fà ¼r Elise is deeply melodic and full of nostalgic feeling, with a relatively simple harmony that makes it very accessible and not overly intellectually demanding. At the same time, because its first part is easy even for a beginner piano player to learn, but is also beautiful, it is often assigned by piano teachers the world over, perpetuating its fame. And finally, the romantic and mysterious possibilities of its name make us wonder about the identity of Elise and the love life of its composer! Where Can I Listen to Fà ¼r Elise? Before diving into the history and background of this piece, here are some versions that will give you a great sense of the range of interpretations out there. Start with this straightforward Fà ¼r Elise piano recording: [embed]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_8ECRYcXtEg[/embed] Then, you can explore interesting takeoffs, samples, and modifications. On the piano, there is a great blues-imbued version, as well as a ragtime version. At the same time, the piece's arpeggios make it a popular choice for classical guitar interpretations like this one. Because Fà ¼r Elise is so incredibly popular, there are a million and one versions of it on YouTube. Do a quick search and check out the versions played by wildly talented four-year-old prodigies! I wouldn't be surprised if there's a cat-playing-violin version out there somewhere. The History of Fà ¼r Elise In 1810, when he was 40 years old, Ludwig van Beethoven was already renowned as one of the greatest composers of all time. He was also already plagued by the horrible tinnitus that preceded his eventual deafness. Although the very next year he stopped performing in public altogether, he never stopped composing. On April 27th, 1810, Beethoven drafted a bagatelle - a small, unimportant song - and jotted the label "Fà ¼r Elise" on it in his famously messy handwriting. But he never published this piece of music. Instead, it sat in a drawer until 1822, when Beethoven revised it slightly, and shoved it back into the same drawer. In 1827, Beethoven died, and his bagatelle never saw the light of day. It was only in 1867, 40 years after Beethoven's death, that a musicologist named Ludwig Nohl found the piece of music and published it. Who Was Elise? Remember how I told you that Beethoven jotted the words "Fà ¼r Elise" on his final draft of the sheet music? Well, it turns out that we only know this from Ludwig Nohl, the man who found and published the piece. The actual final draft itself is missing! Not only that, but no distinct records, letters, or accounts from people at the time make mention of an "Elise" in Beethoven's life. So who was the mysterious Elise that Beethoven apparently dedicated this music to? There is no conclusive answer to this question. There are several theories, however, which I will lay out in order of most to least likely. Theory #1: "Elise" Was Beethoven's "One That Got Away" Beethoven had a doomed love affair with a woman named Therese Malfatti. She was his student, and he fell in love with her right around the time of the composition of Fà ¼r Elise. We aren't quite sure exactly how they broke up, but we do know that he proposed, and she either said no right away, or strung him along for a while and then said no. Either way, Therese then married someone else. So, the most popular theory is that our friend Ludwig Nohl misread Beethoven’s messy handwriting, and that in reality, the piece was labeled "Fà ¼r Therese" not "Fà ¼r Elise." Theory #2: "Elise" Was Beethoven's Opera Singer BFF A few years before writing Fà ¼r Elise, Beethoven became friends with an opera singer named Elisabeth Rà ¶ckel, whose nickname may well have been Elise (Elizabeth to Elise doesn't seem to be that much of a stretch, but we don't have any documentary evidence that anyone actually did call her Elise). Beethoven and Rockel were close friends until she married Beethoven's frenemy, Johann Nepomuk Hummel. Perhaps Fà ¼r Elise was written in the midst of this friendship - or as a way of saying good-bye. Theory #3: "Elise" Was One of Therese Malfatti's Friends The least likely scenario is that Beethoven wrote the piece for another woman nicknamed Elise - Juliane Katharine Elisabet Barensfeld, who used "Elise" as a variant first name. She was a musical child prodigy who was Therese Malfatti's neighbor and conceivably could have been her student. This theory holds that Beethoven was willing to do anything for his one great love, Therese, including writing a quick piece of music for one of her favorites. Since there's not enough evidence to prove it conclusively, we should probably use Occam’s razor for this one. To whom is a sad, longing love song dedicated? Probably to the lost love of Beethoven's life, Therese. What Does the Title of Fà ¼r Elise Mean? The full title of Beethoven's piece of music is Fà ¼r Elise: Bagatelle in A minor WoO 59. In reality, the stuff after the colon is the official title, and "Fà ¼r Elise" is just a nickname for the piece. This is because musical compositions have a specific naming system that references type, key, and a numbering system. Let's unpack each of the components of this title separately. Fà ¼r Elise. The words â€Å"Fà ¼r Elise† mean â€Å"for Elise† in German. Bagatelle. This is the piece of music's type (other types include sonatas, etudes, symphonies, and so on). A bagatelle is a short, lighthearted, and generally frivolous piece of music. Similar words have also been used to describe this piece. Sometimes the title uses the word "Albumblatt," which means "album leaf" - a short, pleasant, usually solo piano piece that friends could easily share by pasting into each other's musical albums. More rarely, you might find Fà ¼r Elise labeled as a "Klavierstà ¼cke" which is simply German for "piano piece." A Minor. "A" stands for the music's key, indicating the scale - the set of notes divided by regular intervals - that the piece uses. In this case, Fà ¼r Elise is based on the scale that is anchored by the A key. Keys are divided into major and minor, depending on the intervals between the notes used in the scale. Here, the minor key is a technical way to convey which notes should be played higher or lower than the corresponding natural notes. It also tells us about the musicality of the piece. In Western music, music in a minor key sounds sad, helping with the sense of longing and wistfulness that characterizes the melody. WoO 59. Usually, composers number their published pieces of music, using the Latin term "opus" (which means "work") and whatever number followed in sequence from the last piece of the same type. However, not only did Beethoven not number Fà ¼r Elise, but he really only gave opus numbers to his most significant published pieces. Because of this, much of his work has been assigned numbers by later publishers, using the German term "werk ohne opuszahl" (meaning "work without opus number" and abbreviated as WoO) and a number in sequence. So, in this case, WoO 59 means that Fà ¼r Elise was the 59th bagatelle to be published that hadn't been given a number by Beethoven himself. Fà ¼r Elise Musical Analysis Now that we've explored the history and romance behind the work, let's check out what's under the hood. How is Fà ¼r Elise Structured? As we already saw from its title, this piece is in the key of A minor. It's time signature is 3/8, so there are 3 beats in each measure and each eighth note (â™ ª) gets 1 beat. Fà ¼r Elise is a rondo, with a A–B–A–C–A structure. In other words, its first section (main theme A) is repeated between its other sections (themes B and C). The first section is the famous melody that everyone knows, with the right hand playing the melody itself and with the left hand playing arpeggios (chords played note by note instead of all at once). The other sections are more challenging, incorporating the keys E major, C major, G major, and F major. The repeated central theme's A minor key builds a melancholy, longing mood. However, Fà ¼r Elise's other themes are in complete contrast to the main theme, creating a sense of whimsy, unpredictability, and playfulness. What's the Musical Style of Fà ¼r Elise? Fà ¼r Elise is part of the Romantic music movement that developed in the late 18th and early 19th century in Europe along with Romanticism in the arts in general. Note that capital-R Romanticism has nothing to do with small-r romance. Instead, Romantic music was characterized by ideas of revolting against Industrial Revolution and the perceived triumph of hyper-rationalism. Romanticism instead embraced a preoccupation with nature, an imagined glorious past, and beautifully terrifying and unknowable spiritual and emotional experiences. We can see some of this in the way Fà ¼r Elise shuttles back and forth between the forlorn plea of the repeated main theme and the sudden, mercurial shifts in tone of the B and C themes. Romanticism is like a storm: moody, unpredictable, wild, and dominating puny humans. 8 Tips for Learning to Play Fà ¼r Elise Have you decided to learn how to play Fà ¼r Elise on the piano? Here are some things to keep in mind! Are You a Beginner? Because the most famous part of Fà ¼r Elise - the main theme - is reasonably easy to play, many piano teachers assign just that first part of the piece to their students early on in their piano learning. Not only is it not technically difficult, but it also provides a good basic exercise for piano pedaling technique. Here's some advice for mastering the piece: Watch out for tricky fingering. In this piece, precise finger position is key to the flow of the right-hand melody and the support of the left-hand arpeggios. You may want to write out each note’s fingering in your score to help you articulate the music well. Legato, legato, legato. Think of the left-hand’s arpeggios as almost-chords. You should play them as smoothly as possible, gliding each note into the next. Imagine playing the piece as if you're trying to demonstrate perpetual motion. Your gently flowing tempo and legato should unite to let the melody shine. Imagine a conversation between right and left. Start by practicing hands separately. Then, when you're combining them, listen to the way the left and right hands reply to each other - it's almost a series of call-and-response questions, or a plaintive conversation. To articulate this, carry your legato over from the right hand to the left and vice versa, and do not privilege one hand over the other in volume or tempo. Don't rush. Even after you've learned the melody, you have to keep your tempo slow to convey the wistful and sad mood. Beethoven marked the tempo as "molto grazioso," meaning a deeply graceful and even speed. Are You Playing at an Intermediate Level? If you're learning all three section of Fà ¼r Elise, here are tips to help you: Learn the sections in order of difficulty. As we've already seen, theme A is the least technically challenging. The most technically difficult section is the B theme, so you may want to save that one for last. Learn each section on its own, phrase by phrase. Rely on repetition for easier memorizing. The rondo form makes learning the piece by heart much easier, since 3 out of 5 sections are the same. Focus on the transitions between the sections to confidently go in and out of each. Stress the contrast. Fà ¼r Elise is marked by the shifting tones and moods of its three sections. Maintain the contrast demanded by the different sections, and connect your playing with the mood you want to convey. Are You an Advanced Musician? At this point in your musical career, you're no longer as worried about physically being able to carry the piece from sheet music to keyboard. Instead, here are some thoughts about your main challenges: Proper wrist placement. For an even smoother performance, you may want to rethink the way you hold your wrists and how to relieve tension in them while playing. This blog post has some very helpful pointers. Make your mark, find your voice. The biggest challenge for those who can readily overcome the technical challenges is that Fà ¼r Elise is everywhere and has been interpreted many, many times over. How do you bring your own quality to such a widely known work? You may want to simply avoid other interpretations while working on a piece, so that someone else's vision doesn't influence your version. Think deeply about what you want to convey, and which aspects of Beethoven's music you want to illuminate. Let these ideas be the guiding principles of your interpretation. All together now! Where Can I Find Fà ¼r Elise Sheet Music? For beginners. If you'd like a version that has only the first section, clearly labels each note with its corresponding key, and leaves out the sustains, check out this easy piano rendition. For more advanced players. If you're looking for sheet music to learn to play the piece, you can use this printable very cleanly edited PDF version. For research and study. If you are curious about the first printed version that has the D in the 7th measure instead of the E as we now accept, explore a PDF of a potentially misprinted publication. Or you can check out the draft in Beethoven’s hand that informs how we play the piece now. Fà ¼r Elise in the World I wasn't exaggerating when I said that Fà ¼r Elise is now everywhere. Here are some of the more and less unlikely places it has turned up: Garbage trucks in Taiwan use the tune, as part of that country's completely revolutionary approach to dealing with waste. Check out the 99% Invisible podcast for more of this great story. American rapper Nas built his 2002 song "I Can" around samples of this piece. Elephant, Gus Van Sant's 2003 movie about teenage alienation, used Fà ¼r Elise as a haunting refrain. The Peanuts character Schroeder performs the piece in A Charlie Brown Christmas. The Takeaway: 9 Amazing Fà ¼r Elise Facts Fà ¼r Elise was lost for over 50 years until a musicologist found it and published it after Beethoven's death. And then that final draft copy was lost again and has never been found. We do still have an earlier draft copy of Fà ¼r Elise in Beethoven's hand, but that one isn't labeled "Fà ¼r Elise." No one knows who Elise really was! But most likely, she was Therese Malfatti, the woman who broke Beethoven's heart. Fà ¼r Elise is versatile enough to have been musically reinterpreted as blues and ragtime, and used as a sample in a Nas song. There are actually three separate sections in Fà ¼r Elise: the first, most famous section repeats between two other sections. As part of the Romantic music movement that explored beautifully terrifying and unknowable spiritual and emotional experiences, Fà ¼r Elise contrasts the sad wistfulness of its main theme with the unpredictable wildness of its other two themes. Part of the reason Fà ¼r Elise remains so popular is that piano teachers the world over assign its first section to their beginner students. Because there are so many versions of Fà ¼r Elise out there, it can be very hard for professional musicians to put their own spin on this work. Garbage trucks in Taiwan use Fà ¼r Elise to let people know that the garbage pickup is happening, in kind of same the way ice cream trucks use tunes in the U.S. to get people to line up for frozen dessert.

The Battle of the Java Sea in World War II

The Battle of the Java Sea in World War II The Battle of the Java Sea occurred on February 27, 1942, and was an early naval engagement of World War II (1939-1945) in the Pacific. With the beginning of fighting in the Dutch East Indies, Allied forces attempted to unite to slow the Japanese advance south towards Australia. This saw a combined American, British, Dutch, and Australian fleet formed to protect Java. In late February, this fleets Eastern Strike Force, led by Rear Admiral Karel Doorman, engaged the approaching Japanese in the Java Sea. In the resulting engagement, Doorman doggedly attacked the Japanese but proved unable to halt their advance. The battle concluded with the loss of the light cruisers HNLMS De Ruyter and Java as well as Doormans death. In the wake of the fighting, the remaining Allied ships fled though most were destroyed in separate actions a short time later. Background In early 1942, with the Japanese rapidly advancing south through the Dutch East Indies, the Allies attempted to mount a defense of Java in an effort to hold the Malay Barrier. Concentrating under the unified command known as American-British-Dutch-Australian (ABDA) Command, Allied naval units were divided between bases at Tandjong Priok (Batavia) in the west and Surabaya in the east. Overseen by Dutch Vice Admiral Conrad Helfrich, ABDA forces were badly outnumbered and in poor condition for the approaching fight. To take the island, the Japanese formed two major invasion fleets. Japanese Attacks Along the Malay Barrier. US Army Center for Military History Japanese Sighted Sailing from Jolo in the Philippines, the Japanese Eastern Invasion Fleet was spotted by ABDA aircraft on February 25. This led Helfrich to reinforce Rear Admiral Karel Doormans Eastern Strike Force at Surabaya the next day with several ships from the Royal Navy. Upon their arrival, Doorman held a meeting with his captains to discuss the upcoming campaign. Departing that evening, Doormans force consisted of two heavy cruisers (USS Houston HMS Exeter), three light cruisers (HNLMS De Ruyter, HNLMS Java, HMAS Perth), as well as three British, two Dutch, and four American (Destroyer Division 58) destroyers. Sweeping the north coast of Java and Madura, Doormans ships failed to locate the Japanese and turned for Surabaya. A short distance to the north, the Japanese invasion force, protected by two heavy cruisers (Nachi Haguro), two light cruisers (Naka Jintsu), and fourteen destroyers, under Rear Admiral Takeo Takagi, slowly moved towards Surabaya. At 1:57 PM on February 27, a Dutch scout plane located the Japanese approximately 50 miles north of the port. Receiving this report, the Dutch admiral, whose ships were beginning to enter the harbor, reversed course to seek battle. ABDA Commander Rear Admiral Karel Doorman2 heavy cruisers, 3 light cruisers, nine destroyers Japanese Commanders Rear Admiral  Takeo TakagiRear Admiral Shoji Nishimura2 heavy cruisers, 2 light cruisers, fourteen destroyers The Battle Begins Sailing north, Doormans exhausted crews prepared to meet the Japanese. Flying his flag from De Ruyter, Doorman deployed his ships in three columns with his destroyers flanking the cruisers. At 3:30 PM, a Japanese air raid forced the ABDA fleet to disperse. Around 4:00 PM, Jintsu spotted the re-formed ABDA ships to the south. Turning with four destroyers to engage, Jintsus column opened the battle at 4:16 PM as the Japanese heavy cruisers and additional destroyers came up in support. As both sides exchanged fire, Rear Admiral Shoji Nishimuras Destroyer Division 4 closed and launched a torpedo attack. Exeter Disabled Around 5:00 PM, Allied aircraft struck the Japanese transports but scored no hits. At the same time, Takagi, feeling the battle was drifting too close to the transports, ordered his ships to close with the enemy. Doorman issued a similar order and the range between the fleets narrowed. As the fighting intensified, Nachi struck Exeter with an 8 shell that disabled most of the ships boilers and created confusion in the ABDA line. Badly damaged, Doorman ordered Exeter to return to Surabaya with the destroyer HNLMS Witte de With as an escort. The Sides Close Shortly thereafter, the destroyer HNLMS Kortenaer was sunk by a Japanese Type 93 Long Lance torpedo. His fleet in disarray, Doorman broke off the battle to reorganize. Takagi, believing the battle was won, ordered his transports to turn south towards Surabaya. Around 5:45 PM, the action was renewed as Doormans fleet turned back towards the Japanese. Finding that Takagi was crossing his T, Doorman ordered his destroyers forward to attack the approaching Japanese light cruisers and destroyers. In the resulting action, the destroyer Asagumo was crippled and HMS Electra sunk. Repeated Attacks At 5:50, Doorman swung his column around to a southeast heading and ordered the American destroyers to cover his withdrawal. In response to this attack and concerns about mines, Takagi turned his force north shortly before sunset. Unwilling to give in, Doorman steamed away into the darkness before planning another strike on the Japanese. Turning northeast then northwest, Doorman hoped to swing around Takagis ships to reach the transports. Anticipating this, and confirmed by sightings from spotter planes, the Japanese were in position to meet the ABDA ships when they reappeared at 7:20 PM. After a brief exchange of fire and torpedoes, the two fleets separated again, with Doorman taking his ships inshore along the Java coast in another attempt to circle around the Japanese. At approximately 9:00 PM, the four American destroyers, out of torpedoes and low on fuel, detached and returned to Surabaya. Over the next hour, Doorman lost his last two destroyers when HMS Jupiter was sunk by a Dutch mine and HMS Encounter was detached to pick up survivors from Kortenaer. A Final Clash Sailing on with his four remaining cruisers, Doorman moved north and was spotted by lookouts aboard Nachi at 11:02 PM. As the ships began to exchange fire, Nachi and Haguro fired spreads of torpedoes. One from Haguro fatally struck De Ruyter at 11:32 PM exploding one of its magazines and killing Doorman. Java was hit by one of Nachis torpedoes two minutes later and sank. Obeying Doormans final orders, Houston and Perth fled the scene without stopping to pick up survivors. Aftermath The Battle of the Java Sea was a resounding victory for the Japanese and effectively ended meaningful naval resistance by ABDA forces. On February 28, Takagis invasion force began landing troops forty miles to the west of Surabaya at Kragan. In the fighting, Doorman lost two light cruisers and three destroyers, as well as one heavy cruiser badly damaged and around 2,300 killed. Japanese losses numbered one destroyer badly damaged and another with moderate damage. HMS Exeter sinks during the Second Battle of the Java Sea, March 1, 1942. US Naval History Heritage Command Though soundly defeated, that the Battle of the Java Sea lasted seven hours is a testament to Doormans determination to defend the island at all costs. Many of the remaining units of his fleet were subsequently destroyed at the Battle of the Sunda Strait (February 28/March 1) and the Second Battle of the Java Sea (March 1). Many of the wrecks of those ships lost at the Battle of the Java Sea and the subsequent actions have been destroyed by illegal salvage operations.